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Taking stock of marine biodiversity

context

The relevance of policy-making for biodiversity protection depends on our ability to better characterise the status and dynamics of biodiversity, its drivers, and to be able to model and anticipate its changes. The recent implementation of the International Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the publication of its report underline the importance of this task in the years to come. Unlike continental habitats, where consensual methods for the scientific analysis of biodiversity patterns have long been developed, this work is only just beginning for marine biodiversity, whose organisation is guided or constrained by different factors (larger and less physically fragmented habitats, more buffered temperature variations, older species diversification, etc.). Understanding these biodiversity patterns necessarily requires complementary disciplines (ecology, evolution, genetics, etc.) and observations at different spatial and temporal scales, at different levels of organisation of living organisms (from genes to ecosystems).

CHALLENGES

Challenge 1: Characterise the genetic diversity of wild and exploited marine populations
Challenge 2: Characterise the taxonomic and functional diversity of communities of pelagic and benthic macro-organisms and benthic organisms
Challenge 3: To inventory the taxonomic, genetic and functional diversity of communities of free-living microorganisms and those associated with macro-organisms
Challenge 4: Improve marine biodiversity inventories by using emerging tools (eDNA, video, soundscapes, etc.)
Challenge 5: Characterise habitats (ecological niches) in a multifactorial manner 

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